According to a new analysis by Black & Veatch, Southeast Asia has to start preparing for more robust networks to support its renewable energy goal
FREMONT, CA: Southeast Asia has to prepare for more robust networks to support its renewable energy goals. Flexible transmission infrastructure is a critical enabler for solar and wind power to function, yet it is frequently underestimated. Compared to fossil fuel alternatives, solar power projects are commonly touted as inexpensive, modular, and quick to implement. A utility-scale solar farm could be constructed in approximately a year, much faster than a coal plant. And it is believed that new solar and wind projects might produce electricity at a lower cost than existing nuclear and fossil-fuel reactors. This is encouraging news for Southeast Asia as The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) plans to get 23 percent of its electricity from renewables by 2025, up 9 percent in 2019.
With the increased use of renewable energy, power grids must grow to accept higher degrees of complexity to manage both quickly dispatchable and more variable sources of electricity, such as solar and wind. China's wind power development boom resulted in the country owning almost a third of the world's wind generation capacity in 2015. However, 15% of the electricity generated by China's wind farms was wasted that year. India was in a similar situation at the time, with the national grid only able to handle roughly 5 percent of renewables, resulting in regular solar power farm disconnections.
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According to a recent survey by engineering consultant Black & Veatch, some solar power projects in Vietnam have reportedly had to waste 80 percent of their generated electricity in recent years. Over a third of Asia's electrical industry leaders shared their thought that integrating renewable energy is one of their most complex challenges. The lack of energy storage and reliable transmission networks are cited by more than 30 percent of respondents as threats to providing dependable service.
Between 2019 and 2040, Southeast Asia is anticipated to spend USD 1.2 trillion on grid upgrades to enable wind and solar power. The funds will be used to ensure that networks can withstand significant supply unpredictability and develop systems that can modify electricity rates in real-time to better match demand and supply. With insufficient money or coordinated planning, state grids in most Southeast Asian countries cannot keep up with the rapid rise of dispersed generations. Region by region, governments will need to draw from a diverse set of technologies, some of which are currently inexpensive and others that will become more common and successful as rules are updated, and costs fall.
Weather patterns becoming more severe due to global warming may jeopardize efforts to upgrade Southeast Asia's electricity infrastructure. Stronger cyclones and higher floods are predicted for Southeast Asia, according to the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report on climate science. Existing research suggests that burying transmission lines to protect against typhoons and making grids more modular to prevent significant outages are viable options.
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